Johannesburg - South Africa cannot expect to turn around 350 years of oppression in 17 years, the government's chief spokesperson, Jimmy Manyi, said on Thursday.
"Seventeen years will never be enough. Do you understand what it is to turn around 350 years of deprivation?" he asked a Tomorrow's Leaders convention in Sandton.
Manyi compared transformation to the life cycle of a butterfly and said that what was needed was fundamental change from the beginning of the cycle to the end.
He mentioned the recent outcry over comments he made about there being too many coloured people in the Western Cape by having a go at television journalist Deborah Patta.
She had criticised him for not apologising for these comments himself, but having government communications deputy CEO Vusi Mona apologise on his behalf.
"What is she saying? The African way of apologising is not acceptable?
"When you have offended as an African, you send a delegation to apologise for you.
"[Patta] said it's not good enough. I have to do it the Western way," Manyi said.
South Africans needed to respect each other's cultures and learn to co-exist, he said.
Economics
"When we have arrived at the rainbow status [of our nation] we would not have dispensed with our diversity."
Manyi said he was glad DA leader Helen Zille had launched her party manifesto in Kliptown at the weekend.
"I was glad she went there so she could see [what apartheid has done]."
South Africans had political freedom, but the challenge was still economic freedom.
"It's not going to be easy, because once you tamper with the issue of economics, then you have very little friends. People don't want to let go of what they have."
Manyi said the government inherited an unbalanced country in 1994, when 87% of the land was owned by whites, who made up 12% of the population.
"Not much has changed."
Manyi said transformation still had a long way to go.
"The challenge we are facing is very, very big," he said.
In 1994, more than 80% of the top jobs were held by white people and 87% of government procurement went to white companies, he said.
Blacks represented less than two percent of the JSE.
A survey of 3 500 companies in 2007, including all those listed on the JSE, found that 74.8% of ownership was still in white hands.
"They did not even have this discussion to sell to white people."
The survey found there had been "some kind of progress" on employment equity, but it was "very small.
"You could argue this was the good work of the labour department over the year... You know it's a very good department," he said to laughter.
Equality
Manyi, who also heads the Black Management Forum, was the director general of the labour department before being suspended last year after the Norwegian ambassador formally complained that he had used an official meeting to promote his private interests.
Manyi also took aim at the Freedom Front Plus for calling affirmative action immoral.
Earlier this week, the FF Plus called Deputy President Kgalema Motlanthe's defence of affirmative action during his visit to the United States "immoral.
"The time has come for affirmative action to be phased out," FF Plus spokesperson Anton Alberts said.
Manyi disagreed: "I don't know where they are coming from."
The Constitution provides for equality, including a provision "to promote the achievement of equality.
"It recognises it's a work in progress."
Manyi said this was why he liked the Afrikaans phrase "regstellende aksie" for affirmative action.
"If something must be put right, it means there is something wrong with that thing."
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